"Yacc" owes much to a most stimulating collection of users, who have goaded me beyond my inclination, and frequently beyond my ability in their endless search for "one more feature". Their irritating unwillingness to learn how to do things my way has usually led to my doing things their way; most of the time, they have been right.– S. C. Johnson, "Yacc guide acknowledgements
This appendix describes the HAC language's grammar. The grammar is context-free and LR(1), so traditional yacc and bison (LALR(1)) parser generators will work with it.
0 $accept: module $end
1 module: embedded_module
2 embedded_module: imports_optional top_root
3 imports_optional: imports
4 | /* empty */
5 imports: imports import_item
6 | import_item
7 import_item: IMPORT
8 | EMBEDFILE '{' embedded_module '}'
9 top_root: body
10 | /* empty */
11 body: body body_item
12 | body_item
13 body_item: namespace_item
14 | definition
15 | prototype_declaration
16 namespace_item: namespace_management
17 | instance_item
18 | type_alias
19 | language_body
20 namespace_management: NAMESPACE ID '{' top_root '}'
21 | OPEN namespace_id AS ID ';'
22 | OPEN namespace_id ';'
23 namespace_id: relative_id
24 definition: defproc
25 | defdatatype
26 | defchan
27 | defenum
28 prototype_declaration: declare_proc_proto
29 | declare_datatype_proto
30 | declare_chan_proto
31 | declare_enum
32 type_alias: optional_template_specification TYPEDEF physical_type_ref ID ';'
33 template_specification: TEMPLATE template_formal_decl_list_in_angles
34 | TEMPLATE template_formal_decl_list_optional_in_angles template_formal_decl_nodefault_list_in_angles
35 optional_template_specification: template_specification
36 | /* empty */
37 def_or_proc: DEFINE
38 | DEFPROC
39 declare_proc_proto: optional_template_specification def_or_proc ID optional_port_formal_decl_list_in_parens ';'
40 defproc: optional_template_specification def_or_proc ID optional_port_formal_decl_list_in_parens '{' optional_definition_body '}'
41 optional_port_formal_decl_list_in_parens: '(' port_formal_decl_list ')'
42 | '(' ')'
43 template_formal_decl_list_in_angles: '<' template_formal_decl_list '>'
44 template_formal_decl_nodefault_list_in_angles: '<' template_formal_decl_nodefault_list '>'
45 template_formal_decl_list_optional_in_angles: template_formal_decl_list_in_angles
46 | '<' '>'
47 template_formal_decl_list: template_formal_decl_list ';' template_formal_decl
48 | template_formal_decl
49 template_formal_decl_nodefault_list: template_formal_decl_nodefault_list ';' template_formal_decl_nodefault
50 | template_formal_decl_nodefault
51 template_formal_decl: base_param_type template_formal_id_list
52 template_formal_decl_nodefault: base_param_type template_formal_id_nodefault_list
53 template_formal_id_list: template_formal_id_list ',' template_formal_id
54 | template_formal_id
55 template_formal_id_nodefault_list: template_formal_id_nodefault_list ',' template_formal_id_nodefault
56 | template_formal_id_nodefault
57 template_formal_id_default: ID optional_dense_range_list '=' expr
58 template_formal_id_nodefault: ID optional_dense_range_list
59 template_formal_id: template_formal_id_default
60 | template_formal_id_nodefault
61 port_formal_decl_list: port_formal_decl_list ';' port_formal_decl
62 | port_formal_decl
63 port_formal_decl: physical_type_ref port_formal_id_list
64 port_formal_id_list: port_formal_id_list ',' port_formal_id
65 | port_formal_id
66 port_formal_id: ID optional_dense_range_list
67 generic_type_ref: generic_id strict_relaxed_template_arguments optional_chan_dir
68 optional_chan_dir: '?'
69 | '!'
70 | /* empty */
71 physical_type_ref: generic_type_ref
72 | base_chan_type
73 | base_data_type_ref
74 base_data_type_ref: base_data_type strict_relaxed_template_arguments
75 data_type_ref: base_data_type_ref
76 | generic_type_ref
77 type_id: physical_type_ref
78 | base_param_type
79 base_param_type: PINT_TYPE
80 | PBOOL_TYPE
81 | PREAL_TYPE
82 base_chan_type: chan_or_port data_type_ref_list_optional_in_parens
83 chan_or_port: CHANNEL optional_chan_dir
84 data_type_ref_list_optional_in_parens: '(' data_type_ref_list_optional ')'
85 data_type_ref_list_optional: data_type_ref_list
86 | /* empty */
87 data_type_ref_list: data_type_ref_list ',' data_type_ref
88 | data_type_ref
89 base_data_type: INT_TYPE
90 | BOOL_TYPE
91 declare_datatype_proto: optional_template_specification DEFTYPE ID DEFINEOP data_type_ref data_param_decl_list_in_parens ';'
92 defdatatype: optional_template_specification DEFTYPE ID DEFINEOP data_type_ref data_param_decl_list_in_parens '{' optional_definition_body set_body get_body '}'
93 set_body: SET '{' chp_body_optional '}'
94 get_body: GET '{' chp_body_optional '}'
95 declare_enum: ENUM ID ';'
96 defenum: ENUM ID '{' enum_member_list '}'
97 enum_member_list: enum_member_list ',' ID
98 | ID
99 declare_chan_proto: optional_template_specification DEFCHAN ID DEFINEOP base_chan_type data_param_decl_list_in_parens ';'
100 defchan: optional_template_specification DEFCHAN ID DEFINEOP base_chan_type data_param_decl_list_in_parens '{' optional_definition_body send_body recv_body '}'
101 send_body: SEND '{' chp_body_optional '}'
102 recv_body: RECV '{' chp_body_optional '}'
103 data_param_decl_list_in_parens: '(' data_param_decl_list ')'
104 data_param_decl_list: data_param_decl_list ';' data_param_decl
105 | data_param_decl
106 data_param_decl: data_type_ref data_param_id_list
107 data_param_id_list: data_param_id_list ',' data_param_id
108 | data_param_id
109 data_param_id: ID optional_dense_range_list
110 definition_body: definition_body definition_body_item
111 | definition_body_item
112 definition_body_item: instance_item
113 | language_body
114 | type_alias
115 optional_definition_body: definition_body
116 | /* empty */
117 instance_management_list: instance_management_list instance_item
118 | instance_item
119 instance_item: type_instance_declaration
120 | connection_statement
121 | instance_type_completion_statement
122 | instance_type_completion_connection_statement
123 | nonempty_alias_list ';'
124 | loop_instantiation
125 | conditional_instantiation
126 loop_instantiation: '(' ';' ID ':' range ':' instance_management_list ')'
127 conditional_instantiation: '[' guarded_instance_management_list ']'
128 type_instance_declaration: type_id instance_id_list ';'
129 instance_id_list: instance_id_list ',' instance_id_item
130 | instance_id_item
131 instance_id_item: ID optional_template_arguments_in_angles sparse_range_list
132 | ID optional_template_arguments_in_angles
133 | ID optional_template_arguments_in_angles connection_actuals_list
134 | ID optional_template_arguments_in_angles '=' alias_list
135 connection_statement: member_index_expr connection_actuals_list ';'
136 instance_type_completion_statement: index_expr complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles ';'
137 | generic_id complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles ';'
138 instance_type_completion_connection_statement: index_expr complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles connection_actuals_list ';'
139 | generic_id complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles connection_actuals_list ';'
140 nonempty_alias_list: nonempty_alias_list '=' complex_aggregate_reference
141 | complex_aggregate_reference '=' complex_aggregate_reference
142 alias_list: alias_list '=' complex_aggregate_reference
143 | complex_aggregate_reference
144 connection_actuals_list: '(' complex_aggregate_reference_list ')'
145 guarded_instance_management_list: guarded_instance_management_list_unmatched THICKBAR instance_management_else_clause
146 | guarded_instance_management_list_unmatched
147 guarded_instance_management_list_unmatched: guarded_instance_management_list_unmatched THICKBAR guarded_instance_management
148 | guarded_instance_management
149 guarded_instance_management: expr RARROW instance_management_list
150 instance_management_else_clause: ELSE RARROW instance_management_list
151 language_body: CHP_LANG '{' chp_body '}'
152 | HSE_LANG '{' hse_body '}'
153 | PRS_LANG '{' prs_body '}'
154 | SPEC_LANG '{' spec_body '}'
155 chp_body: full_chp_body_item_list
156 chp_body_optional: chp_body
157 | /* empty */
158 chp_body_or_skip: chp_body
159 | SKIP
160 chp_sequence_group: '{' full_chp_body_item_list '}'
161 full_chp_body_item_list: full_chp_body_item_list ';' full_chp_body_item
162 | full_chp_body_item
163 full_chp_body_item: chp_concurrent_group
164 chp_body_item: chp_statement_attributes chp_statement
165 | chp_statement
166 chp_statement_attributes: '$' '(' chp_statement_attr_list ')'
167 chp_statement_attr_list: chp_statement_attr_list ';' chp_statement_attr
168 | chp_statement_attr
169 chp_statement_attr: ID '=' expr
170 chp_statement: chp_loop
171 | chp_do_until
172 | chp_selection
173 | chp_wait
174 | chp_binary_assignment
175 | chp_bool_assignment
176 | chp_send
177 | chp_recv
178 | chp_peek
179 | LOG expr_list_in_parens
180 | chp_metaloop_selection
181 | chp_metaloop_statement
182 | function_call_expr
183 chp_loop: BEGINLOOP chp_body ']'
184 chp_do_until: BEGINLOOP chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list ']'
185 chp_wait: '[' chp_guard_expr ']'
186 chp_selection: '[' chp_matched_det_guarded_command_list ']'
187 | '[' chp_nondet_guarded_command_list ']'
188 chp_metaloop_selection: '[' ':' ID ':' range ':' chp_guarded_command ']'
189 | '[' THICKBAR ID ':' range ':' chp_guarded_command ']'
190 chp_metaloop_statement: '{' ',' ID ':' range ':' chp_body '}'
191 | '{' ';' ID ':' range ':' chp_body '}'
192 chp_nondet_guarded_command_list: chp_nondet_guarded_command_list ':' chp_guarded_command
193 | chp_guarded_command ':' chp_guarded_command
194 chp_matched_det_guarded_command_list: chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list THICKBAR chp_else_clause
195 | chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list
196 chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list: chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list THICKBAR chp_guarded_command
197 | chp_guarded_command
198 chp_guarded_command: chp_guard_expr RARROW chp_body_or_skip
199 chp_guard_expr: chp_logical_or_expr
200 chp_unary_bool_expr: chp_simple_bool_expr
201 | chp_not_expr
202 | '(' chp_logical_or_expr ')'
203 | chp_probe_expr
204 | function_call_expr
205 chp_probe_expr: '#' member_index_expr
206 chp_simple_bool_expr: member_index_expr
207 | BOOL_TRUE
208 | BOOL_FALSE
209 chp_unary_expr: '-' chp_unary_expr
210 | chp_unary_bool_expr
211 | loop_expr
212 | INT
213 | FLOAT
214 chp_mult_expr: chp_unary_expr
215 | chp_mult_expr muldiv_op chp_unary_expr
216 chp_add_expr: chp_mult_expr
217 | chp_add_expr_only
218 chp_add_expr_only: chp_add_expr '+' chp_mult_expr
219 | chp_add_expr '-' chp_mult_expr
220 chp_paren_add_expr: '(' chp_add_expr_only ')'
221 | chp_mult_expr
222 chp_shift_expr: chp_paren_add_expr
223 | chp_shift_expr EXTRACT chp_add_expr
224 | chp_shift_expr INSERT chp_add_expr
225 chp_relational_expr: chp_shift_expr relational_op chp_shift_expr
226 | chp_unary_bool_expr
227 chp_bitwise_and_expr: chp_relational_expr
228 | chp_bitwise_and_expr '&' chp_relational_expr
229 chp_bitwise_xor_expr: chp_bitwise_and_expr
230 | chp_bitwise_xor_expr '^' chp_bitwise_and_expr
231 chp_bitwise_or_expr: chp_bitwise_xor_expr
232 | chp_bitwise_or_expr '|' chp_bitwise_xor_expr
233 chp_logical_and_expr: chp_bitwise_or_expr
234 | chp_logical_and_expr LOGICAL_AND chp_bitwise_or_expr
235 chp_logical_or_expr: chp_logical_and_expr
236 | chp_logical_or_expr LOGICAL_OR chp_logical_and_expr
237 chp_not_expr: '~' chp_unary_bool_expr
238 chp_else_clause: ELSE RARROW chp_body_or_skip
239 chp_binary_assignment: member_index_expr ASSIGN expr
240 chp_bool_assignment: member_index_expr '+'
241 | member_index_expr '-'
242 chp_concurrent_item: chp_body_item
243 | chp_sequence_group
244 chp_concurrent_group: chp_concurrent_group ',' chp_concurrent_item
245 | chp_concurrent_item
246 chp_send: member_index_expr '!' connection_actuals_list
247 | member_index_expr '!'
248 chp_recv: member_index_expr '?' member_index_expr_list_in_parens_optional
249 chp_peek: member_index_expr '#' member_index_expr_list_in_parens
250 hse_body: full_hse_body_item_list
251 full_hse_body_item_list: full_hse_body_item_list ';' full_hse_body_item
252 | full_hse_body_item
253 full_hse_body_item: hse_body_item
254 hse_body_item: hse_loop
255 | hse_do_until
256 | hse_wait
257 | hse_selection
258 | hse_assignment
259 | SKIP
260 hse_loop: BEGINLOOP hse_body ']'
261 hse_do_until: BEGINLOOP hse_matched_det_guarded_command_list ']'
262 hse_wait: '[' expr ']'
263 hse_selection: '[' hse_matched_det_guarded_command_list ']'
264 | '[' hse_nondet_guarded_command_list ']'
265 hse_guarded_command: expr RARROW hse_body
266 hse_else_clause: ELSE RARROW hse_body
267 hse_nondet_guarded_command_list: hse_nondet_guarded_command_list ':' hse_guarded_command
268 | hse_guarded_command ':' hse_guarded_command
269 hse_matched_det_guarded_command_list: hse_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list THICKBAR hse_else_clause
270 | hse_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list
271 hse_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list: hse_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list THICKBAR hse_guarded_command
272 | hse_guarded_command
273 hse_assignment: unary_assignment
274 prs_body: prs_body prs_body_item
275 | prs_body_item
276 prs_body_item: single_prs
277 | prs_loop
278 | prs_conditional
279 | prs_macro
280 prs_macro: prs_literal mandatory_member_index_expr_list_in_parens
281 prs_loop: '(' ':' ID ':' range ':' prs_body ')'
282 prs_conditional: '[' prs_guarded_body prs_else_clause_optional ']'
283 prs_guarded_body: expr RARROW prs_body
284 prs_else_clause_optional: prs_else_clause
285 | /* empty */
286 prs_else_clause: THICKBAR ELSE RARROW prs_body
287 single_prs: prs_rule_attribute_list_in_brackets prs_expr prs_arrow relative_member_index_expr dir
288 | prs_expr prs_arrow relative_member_index_expr dir
289 prs_rule_attribute_list_in_brackets: '[' prs_rule_attribute_list ']'
290 prs_rule_attribute_list: prs_rule_attribute_list ';' prs_rule_attribute
291 | prs_rule_attribute
292 prs_rule_attribute: ID '=' expr_list
293 prs_arrow: RARROW
294 | IMPLIES
295 dir: '+'
296 | '-'
297 prs_expr: prs_or
298 prs_paren_expr: '(' prs_expr ')'
299 prs_literal: relative_member_index_expr expr_list_in_angles_optional
300 prs_unary_expr: prs_literal
301 | prs_paren_expr
302 | prs_and_loop
303 | prs_or_loop
304 prs_not: '~' prs_unary_expr
305 | prs_unary_expr
306 prs_and: prs_and '&' prs_not
307 | prs_not
308 prs_or: prs_or '|' prs_and
309 | prs_and
310 prs_and_loop: '(' '&' ':' ID ':' range ':' prs_expr ')'
311 prs_or_loop: '(' '|' ':' ID ':' range ':' prs_expr ')'
312 spec_body: spec_body spec_item
313 | spec_item
314 spec_item: spec_directive
315 spec_directive: ID expr_list_in_angles_optional grouped_reference_list_in_parens
316 grouped_reference_list_in_parens: '(' grouped_reference_list ')'
317 grouped_reference_list: grouped_reference_list ',' grouped_reference
318 | grouped_reference
319 grouped_reference: '{' mandatory_member_index_expr_list '}'
320 | member_index_expr
321 paren_expr: '(' expr ')'
322 literal: INT
323 | FLOAT
324 | string
325 | BOOL_TRUE
326 | BOOL_FALSE
327 string: string STRING
328 | STRING
329 id_expr: generic_id
330 generic_id: relative_id
331 | absolute_id
332 absolute_id: SCOPE relative_id
333 relative_id: qualified_id
334 | ID
335 qualified_id: qualified_id SCOPE ID
336 | ID SCOPE ID
337 mandatory_member_index_expr_list_in_parens: '(' mandatory_member_index_expr_list ')'
338 mandatory_member_index_expr_list: mandatory_member_index_expr_list ',' member_index_expr
339 | member_index_expr
340 member_index_expr_list: member_index_expr_list ',' optional_member_index_expr
341 | optional_member_index_expr
342 optional_member_index_expr: member_index_expr
343 | /* empty */
344 member_index_expr: id_expr
345 | index_expr
346 | member_expr
347 relative_member_index_expr: ID
348 | local_index_expr
349 | local_member_expr
350 local_index_expr: local_member_expr sparse_range_list
351 | ID sparse_range_list
355 index_expr: member_expr sparse_range_list
356 | id_expr sparse_range_list
360 simple_expr: member_index_expr
361 | literal
362 unary_expr: simple_expr
363 | function_call_expr
364 | paren_expr
365 | loop_expr
366 | '-' unary_expr
367 | '!' unary_expr
368 | '~' unary_expr
369 function_call_expr: member_index_expr connection_actuals_list
370 multiplicative_expr: unary_expr
371 | multiplicative_expr muldiv_op unary_expr
372 muldiv_op: '*'
373 | '/'
374 | '%'
375 additive_expr: multiplicative_expr
376 | additive_expr '+' multiplicative_expr
377 | additive_expr '-' multiplicative_expr
378 shift_expr: additive_expr
379 | shift_expr EXTRACT additive_expr
380 | shift_expr INSERT additive_expr
381 relational_equality_expr: shift_expr
382 | '(' relational_equality_expr '<' shift_expr ')'
383 | '(' relational_equality_expr '>' shift_expr ')'
384 | relational_equality_expr LE shift_expr
385 | relational_equality_expr GE shift_expr
386 | relational_equality_expr EQUAL shift_expr
387 | relational_equality_expr NOTEQUAL shift_expr
388 relational_op: '<'
389 | '>'
390 | LE
391 | GE
392 | EQUAL
393 | NOTEQUAL
394 and_expr: relational_equality_expr
395 | and_expr '&' relational_equality_expr
396 exclusive_or_expr: and_expr
397 | exclusive_or_expr '^' and_expr
398 inclusive_or_expr: exclusive_or_expr
399 | inclusive_or_expr '|' exclusive_or_expr
400 logical_and_expr: inclusive_or_expr
401 | logical_and_expr LOGICAL_AND inclusive_or_expr
402 logical_or_expr: logical_and_expr
403 | logical_or_expr LOGICAL_OR logical_and_expr
404 unary_assignment: member_index_expr PLUSPLUS
405 | member_index_expr MINUSMINUS
406 loop_expr: '(' loop_assoc_op ':' ID ':' range ':' expr ')'
407 loop_assoc_op: '+'
408 | '*'
409 | '&'
410 | '|'
411 | '^'
412 | LOGICAL_AND
413 | LOGICAL_OR
414 expr: logical_or_expr
415 strict_relaxed_template_arguments: complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles optional_template_arguments_in_angles
416 | /* empty */
417 optional_template_arguments_in_angles: complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles
418 | /* empty */
419 expr_list_in_angles_optional: expr_list_in_angles
420 | /* empty */
421 expr_list_in_angles: '<' expr_list '>'
422 complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles: '<' complex_expr_optional_list '>'
423 complex_expr_optional_list: complex_expr_optional_list ',' optional_complex_expr
424 | optional_complex_expr
425 optional_complex_expr: array_concatenation
426 | /* empty */
427 member_index_expr_list_in_parens_optional: member_index_expr_list_in_parens
428 | /* empty */
429 member_index_expr_list_in_parens: '(' member_index_expr_list ')'
430 expr_list_in_parens: '(' expr_list ')'
431 expr_list: expr_list ',' expr
432 | expr
433 range: expr RANGE expr
434 | expr
435 optional_dense_range_list: dense_range_list
436 | /* empty */
437 dense_range_list: dense_range_list bracketed_dense_range
438 | bracketed_dense_range
439 sparse_range_list: sparse_range_list bracketed_sparse_range
440 | bracketed_sparse_range
441 bracketed_dense_range: '[' expr ']'
442 bracketed_sparse_range: '[' range ']'
443 complex_aggregate_reference: array_concatenation
444 array_concatenation: array_concatenation '#' complex_expr_term
445 | complex_expr_term
446 complex_expr_term: array_construction
447 | expr
448 array_construction: '{' mandatory_complex_aggregate_reference_list '}'
449 optional_complex_aggregate_reference: complex_aggregate_reference
450 | /* empty */
451 mandatory_complex_aggregate_reference_list: mandatory_complex_aggregate_reference_list ',' complex_aggregate_reference
452 | complex_aggregate_reference
453 complex_aggregate_reference_list: complex_aggregate_reference_list ',' optional_complex_aggregate_reference
454 | optional_complex_aggregate_reference