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Appendix B Grammar

"Yacc" owes much to a most stimulating collection of users, who have goaded me beyond my inclination, and frequently beyond my ability in their endless search for "one more feature". Their irritating unwillingness to learn how to do things my way has usually led to my doing things their way; most of the time, they have been right.
– S. C. Johnson, "Yacc guide acknowledgements

This appendix describes the HAC language's grammar. The grammar is context-free and LR(1), so traditional yacc and bison (LALR(1)) parser generators will work with it.

    0 $accept: module $end
    1 module: embedded_module
    2 embedded_module: imports_optional top_root
    3 imports_optional: imports
    4                 | /* empty */
    5 imports: imports import_item
    6        | import_item
    7 import_item: IMPORT
    8            | EMBEDFILE '{' embedded_module '}'
    9 top_root: body
   10         | /* empty */
   11 body: body body_item
   12     | body_item
   13 body_item: namespace_item
   14          | definition
   15          | prototype_declaration
   16 namespace_item: namespace_management
   17               | instance_item_extended
   18               | type_alias
   19 namespace_management: NAMESPACE ID '{' top_root '}'
   20                     | OPEN namespace_id RARROW ID ';'
   21                     | OPEN namespace_id ';'
   22 namespace_id: relative_id
   23 definition: defproc
   24           | defdatatype
   25           | defchan
   26           | defenum
   27 prototype_declaration: declare_proc_proto ';'
   28                      | declare_datatype_proto ';'
   29                      | declare_chan_proto ';'
   30                      | declare_enum ';'
   31 type_alias: optional_export optional_template_specification TYPEDEF physical_type_ref ID ';'
   32 template_specification: TEMPLATE template_formal_decl_list_in_angles
   33                       | TEMPLATE template_formal_decl_list_optional_in_angles template_formal_decl_nodefault_list_in_angles
   34 optional_template_specification: template_specification
   35                                | /* empty */
   36 optional_export: EXPORT
   37                | /* empty */
   38 def_or_proc: DEFINE
   39            | DEFPROC
   40 declare_proc_proto: optional_export optional_template_specification def_or_proc ID optional_port_formal_decl_list_in_parens
   41 defproc: declare_proc_proto '{' optional_definition_body '}'
   42 optional_port_formal_decl_list_in_parens: '(' port_formal_decl_list ')'
   43                                         | '(' ')'
   44 template_formal_decl_list_in_angles: '<' template_formal_decl_list '>'
   45 template_formal_decl_nodefault_list_in_angles: '<' template_formal_decl_nodefault_list '>'
   46 template_formal_decl_list_optional_in_angles: template_formal_decl_list_in_angles
   47                                             | '<' '>'
   48 template_formal_decl_list: template_formal_decl_list ';' template_formal_decl
   49                          | template_formal_decl
   50 template_formal_decl_nodefault_list: template_formal_decl_nodefault_list ';' template_formal_decl_nodefault
   51                                    | template_formal_decl_nodefault
   52 template_formal_decl: base_param_type template_formal_id_list
   53 template_formal_decl_nodefault: base_param_type template_formal_id_nodefault_list
   54 template_formal_id_list: template_formal_id_list ',' template_formal_id
   55                        | template_formal_id
   56 template_formal_id_nodefault_list: template_formal_id_nodefault_list ',' template_formal_id_nodefault
   57                                  | template_formal_id_nodefault
   58 template_formal_id_default: ID optional_dense_range_list '=' expr
   59 template_formal_id_nodefault: ID optional_dense_range_list
   60 template_formal_id: template_formal_id_default
   61                   | template_formal_id_nodefault
   62 port_formal_decl_list: port_formal_decl_list ';' port_formal_decl
   63                      | port_formal_decl
   64 port_formal_decl: physical_type_ref port_formal_id_list
   65 port_formal_id_list: port_formal_id_list ',' port_formal_id
   66                    | port_formal_id
   67 port_formal_id: ID optional_dense_range_list
   68 generic_type_ref: generic_id strict_relaxed_template_arguments optional_chan_dir
   69 optional_chan_dir: '?'
   70                  | '!'
   71                  | '?' '?'
   72                  | '!' '!'
   73                  | /* empty */
   74 physical_type_ref: generic_type_ref
   75                  | base_chan_type
   76                  | base_data_type_ref
   77 base_data_type_ref: base_data_type strict_relaxed_template_arguments
   78 data_type_ref: base_data_type_ref
   79              | generic_type_ref
   80 type_id: physical_type_ref
   81        | base_param_type
   82 base_param_type: PINT_TYPE
   83                | PBOOL_TYPE
   84                | PREAL_TYPE
   85 base_chan_type: chan_or_port data_type_ref_list_optional_in_parens
   86 chan_or_port: CHANNEL optional_chan_dir
   87 data_type_ref_list_optional_in_parens: '(' data_type_ref_list_optional ')'
   88 data_type_ref_list_optional: data_type_ref_list
   89                            | /* empty */
   90 data_type_ref_list: data_type_ref_list ',' data_type_ref
   91                   | data_type_ref
   92 base_data_type: INT_TYPE
   93               | BOOL_TYPE
   94 declare_datatype_proto: optional_export optional_template_specification DEFTYPE ID DEFINEOP data_type_ref optional_port_formal_decl_list_in_parens
   95 defdatatype: declare_datatype_proto '{' optional_datatype_body set_body get_body '}'
   96 set_body: SET '{' chp_body_optional '}'
   97 get_body: GET '{' chp_body_optional '}'
   98 declare_enum: ENUM ID
   99 defenum: ENUM ID '{' enum_member_list '}'
  100 enum_member_list: enum_member_list ',' ID
  101                 | ID
  102 declare_chan_proto: optional_export optional_template_specification DEFCHAN ID DEFINEOP base_chan_type optional_port_formal_decl_list_in_parens
  103 defchan: declare_chan_proto '{' optional_datatype_body send_body recv_body '}'
  104 send_body: SEND '{' chp_body_optional '}'
  105 recv_body: RECV '{' chp_body_optional '}'
  106 definition_body: definition_body definition_body_item
  107                | definition_body_item
  108 definition_body_item: instance_item_extended
  109                     | type_alias
  110 optional_definition_body: definition_body
  111                         | /* empty */
  112 optional_datatype_body: datatype_body
  113                       | /* empty */
  114 datatype_body: datatype_body datatype_body_item
  115              | datatype_body_item
  116 datatype_body_item: connection_body_item
  117                   | lang_spec
  118 connection_body: connection_body connection_body_item
  119                | connection_body_item
  120 connection_body_item_base: connection_statement
  121                          | nonempty_alias_list ';'
  122                          | instance_type_completion_statement
  123                          | instance_type_completion_connection_statement
  124 connection_body_item: connection_body_item_base
  125                     | loop_connections
  126                     | conditional_connections
  127 instance_management_list: instance_management_list instance_item_extended
  128                         | instance_item_extended
  129 instance_item_extended: instance_item
  130                       | language_body
  131 instance_item: type_instance_declaration
  132              | connection_body_item_base
  133              | loop_instantiation
  134              | conditional_instantiation
  135 loop_instantiation: '(' ';' ID ':' range ':' instance_management_list ')'
  136 conditional_instantiation: '[' guarded_instance_management_list ']'
  137 loop_connections: '(' ';' ID ':' range ':' connection_body ')'
  138 conditional_connections: '[' guarded_connection_body ']'
  139 type_instance_declaration: type_id instance_id_list ';'
  140 instance_id_list: instance_id_list ',' instance_id_item
  141                 | instance_id_item
  142 instance_id_item: ID optional_template_arguments_in_angles sparse_range_list
  143                 | ID optional_template_arguments_in_angles
  144                 | ID optional_template_arguments_in_angles connection_actuals_list
  145                 | ID optional_template_arguments_in_angles '=' alias_list
  146 connection_statement: member_index_expr connection_actuals_list ';'
  147 instance_type_completion_statement: index_expr complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles ';'
  148                                   | generic_id complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles ';'
  149 instance_type_completion_connection_statement: index_expr complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles connection_actuals_list ';'
  150                                              | generic_id complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles connection_actuals_list ';'
  151 nonempty_alias_list: nonempty_alias_list '=' complex_aggregate_reference
  152                    | complex_aggregate_reference '=' complex_aggregate_reference
  153 alias_list: alias_list '=' complex_aggregate_reference
  154           | complex_aggregate_reference
  155 connection_actuals_list: '(' complex_aggregate_reference_list ')'
  156 guarded_instance_management_list: guarded_instance_management_list_unmatched THICKBAR instance_management_else_clause
  157                                 | guarded_instance_management_list_unmatched
  158 guarded_instance_management_list_unmatched: guarded_instance_management_list_unmatched THICKBAR guarded_instance_management
  159                                           | guarded_instance_management
  160 guarded_instance_management: expr RARROW instance_management_list
  161 instance_management_else_clause: ELSE RARROW instance_management_list
  162 guarded_connection_body: guarded_connection_body_unmatched THICKBAR connection_body_else_clause
  163                        | guarded_connection_body_unmatched
  164 guarded_connection_body_unmatched: guarded_connection_body_unmatched THICKBAR guarded_connection_body_clause
  165                                  | guarded_connection_body_clause
  166 guarded_connection_body_clause: expr RARROW connection_body
  167 connection_body_else_clause: ELSE RARROW connection_body
  168 language_body: CHP_LANG '{' chp_body_optional '}'
  169              | HSE_LANG '{' hse_body_optional '}'
  170              | PRS_LANG optional_template_arguments_in_angles '{' prs_body_optional '}'
  171              | lang_spec
  172 lang_spec: SPEC_LANG '{' spec_body_optional '}'
  173 chp_body: full_chp_body_item_list
  174 chp_body_optional: chp_body
  175                  | /* empty */
  176 chp_body_or_skip: chp_body
  177                 | SKIP
  178 chp_sequence_group: '{' full_chp_body_item_list '}'
  179 full_chp_body_item_list: full_chp_body_item_list ';' full_chp_body_item
  180                        | full_chp_body_item
  181 full_chp_body_item: chp_concurrent_group
  182 chp_body_item: chp_statement_attributes chp_statement
  183              | chp_statement
  184 chp_statement_attributes: '$' '(' chp_statement_attr_list ')'
  185 chp_statement_attr_list: chp_statement_attr_list ';' chp_statement_attr
  186                        | chp_statement_attr
  187 chp_statement_attr: ID '=' expr
  188 chp_statement: chp_loop
  189              | chp_do_until
  190              | chp_selection
  191              | chp_wait
  192              | chp_binary_assignment
  193              | chp_bool_assignment
  194              | chp_send
  195              | chp_recv
  196              | chp_peek
  197              | LOG expr_list_in_parens
  198              | chp_metaloop_selection
  199              | chp_metaloop_statement
  200              | function_call_expr
  201 chp_loop: BEGINLOOP chp_body ']'
  202 chp_do_until: BEGINLOOP chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list ']'
  203 chp_wait: '[' chp_guard_expr ']'
  204 chp_selection: '[' chp_matched_det_guarded_command_list ']'
  205              | '[' chp_nondet_guarded_command_list ']'
  206 chp_metaloop_selection: '[' ':' ID ':' range ':' chp_guarded_command ']'
  207                       | '[' THICKBAR ID ':' range ':' chp_guarded_command ']'
  208 chp_metaloop_statement: '{' ',' ID ':' range ':' chp_body '}'
  209                       | '{' ';' ID ':' range ':' chp_body '}'
  210 chp_nondet_guarded_command_list: chp_nondet_guarded_command_list ':' chp_guarded_command
  211                                | chp_guarded_command ':' chp_guarded_command
  212 chp_matched_det_guarded_command_list: chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list THICKBAR chp_else_clause
  213                                     | chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list
  214 chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list: chp_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list THICKBAR chp_guarded_command
  215                                       | chp_guarded_command
  216 chp_guarded_command: chp_guard_expr RARROW chp_body_or_skip
  217 chp_guard_expr: chp_logical_or_expr
  218 chp_unary_bool_expr: chp_simple_bool_expr
  219                    | chp_not_expr
  220                    | '(' chp_logical_or_expr ')'
  221                    | chp_probe_expr
  222                    | function_call_expr
  223 chp_probe_expr: '#' member_index_expr
  224 chp_simple_bool_expr: member_index_expr
  225                     | BOOL_TRUE
  226                     | BOOL_FALSE
  227 chp_unary_expr: '-' chp_unary_expr
  228               | chp_unary_bool_expr
  229               | loop_expr
  230               | INT
  231               | FLOAT
  232 chp_mult_expr: chp_unary_expr
  233              | chp_mult_expr muldiv_op chp_unary_expr
  234 chp_add_expr: chp_mult_expr
  235             | chp_add_expr_only
  236 chp_add_expr_only: chp_add_expr '+' chp_mult_expr
  237                  | chp_add_expr '-' chp_mult_expr
  238 chp_paren_add_expr: '(' chp_add_expr_only ')'
  239                   | chp_mult_expr
  240 chp_shift_expr: chp_paren_add_expr
  241               | chp_shift_expr EXTRACT chp_add_expr
  242               | chp_shift_expr INSERT chp_add_expr
  243 chp_relational_expr: chp_shift_expr relational_op chp_shift_expr
  244                    | chp_unary_bool_expr
  245 chp_bitwise_and_expr: chp_relational_expr
  246                     | chp_bitwise_and_expr '&' chp_relational_expr
  247 chp_bitwise_xor_expr: chp_bitwise_and_expr
  248                     | chp_bitwise_xor_expr '^' chp_bitwise_and_expr
  249 chp_bitwise_or_expr: chp_bitwise_xor_expr
  250                    | chp_bitwise_or_expr '|' chp_bitwise_xor_expr
  251 chp_logical_and_expr: chp_bitwise_or_expr
  252                     | chp_logical_and_expr LOGICAL_AND chp_bitwise_or_expr
  253 chp_logical_or_expr: chp_logical_and_expr
  254                    | chp_logical_or_expr LOGICAL_OR chp_logical_and_expr
  255 chp_not_expr: '~' chp_unary_bool_expr
  256 chp_else_clause: ELSE RARROW chp_body_or_skip
  257 chp_binary_assignment: member_index_expr ASSIGN expr
  258 chp_bool_assignment: member_index_expr '+'
  259                    | member_index_expr '-'
  260 chp_concurrent_item: chp_body_item
  261                    | chp_sequence_group
  262 chp_concurrent_group: chp_concurrent_group ',' chp_concurrent_item
  263                     | chp_concurrent_item
  264 chp_send: member_index_expr '!' connection_actuals_list
  265         | member_index_expr '!'
  266 chp_recv: member_index_expr '?' member_index_expr_list_in_parens_optional
  267 chp_peek: member_index_expr '#' member_index_expr_list_in_parens
  268 hse_body_optional: hse_body
  269                  | /* empty */
  270 hse_body: full_hse_body_item_list
  271 full_hse_body_item_list: full_hse_body_item_list ';' full_hse_body_item
  272                        | full_hse_body_item
  273 full_hse_body_item: hse_body_item
  274 hse_body_item: hse_loop
  275              | hse_do_until
  276              | hse_wait
  277              | hse_selection
  278              | hse_assignment
  279              | SKIP
  280 hse_loop: BEGINLOOP hse_body ']'
  281 hse_do_until: BEGINLOOP hse_matched_det_guarded_command_list ']'
  282 hse_wait: '[' expr ']'
  283 hse_selection: '[' hse_matched_det_guarded_command_list ']'
  284              | '[' hse_nondet_guarded_command_list ']'
  285 hse_guarded_command: expr RARROW hse_body
  286 hse_else_clause: ELSE RARROW hse_body
  287 hse_nondet_guarded_command_list: hse_nondet_guarded_command_list ':' hse_guarded_command
  288                                | hse_guarded_command ':' hse_guarded_command
  289 hse_matched_det_guarded_command_list: hse_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list THICKBAR hse_else_clause
  290                                     | hse_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list
  291 hse_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list: hse_unmatched_det_guarded_command_list THICKBAR hse_guarded_command
  292                                       | hse_guarded_command
  293 hse_assignment: unary_assignment
  294 prs_body_optional: prs_body
  295                  | /* empty */
  296 prs_body: prs_body prs_body_item
  297         | prs_body_item
  298 prs_body_item: single_prs
  299              | prs_loop
  300              | prs_conditional
  301              | prs_macro
  302              | TREE_LANG optional_template_arguments_in_angles '{' prs_body_optional '}'
  303              | SUBCKT_LANG optional_template_arguments_in_angles '{' prs_body_optional '}'
  304 prs_macro: prs_literal mandatory_member_index_expr_list_in_parens
  305 prs_loop: '(' ':' ID ':' range ':' prs_body ')'
  306 prs_conditional: '[' prs_guarded_list ']'
  307 prs_guarded_list: prs_guarded_list_unmatched THICKBAR prs_else_clause
  308                 | prs_guarded_list_unmatched
  309 prs_guarded_list_unmatched: prs_guarded_list_unmatched THICKBAR prs_guarded_body
  310                           | prs_guarded_body
  311 prs_guarded_body: expr RARROW prs_body_optional
  312 prs_else_clause: ELSE RARROW prs_body
  313 single_prs: prs_rule_attribute_list_in_brackets prs_expr prs_arrow prs_literal_base dir
  314           | prs_expr prs_arrow prs_literal_base dir
  315 prs_rule_attribute_list_in_brackets: '[' prs_rule_attribute_list ']'
  316 prs_rule_attribute_list: prs_rule_attribute_list ';' prs_rule_attribute
  317                        | prs_rule_attribute
  318 prs_rule_attribute: ID '=' expr_list
  319 prs_arrow: RARROW
  320          | IMPLIES
  321          | HASH_ARROW
  322 dir: '+'
  323    | '-'
  324 prs_expr: prs_or
  325 prs_paren_expr: '(' prs_expr ')'
  326 prs_literal_base: relative_member_index_expr
  327                 | '@' ID optional_dense_range_list
  328 prs_literal: prs_literal_base expr_list_in_angles_optional
  329 prs_unary_expr: prs_literal
  330               | prs_paren_expr
  331               | prs_and_loop
  332               | prs_or_loop
  333 prs_not: '~' prs_unary_expr
  334        | prs_unary_expr
  335 prs_and: prs_and '&' prs_operator_attribute_optional prs_not
  336        | prs_not
  337 prs_or: prs_or '|' prs_and
  338       | prs_and
  339 prs_operator_attribute: '{' dir prs_expr '}'
  340 prs_operator_attribute_optional: prs_operator_attribute
  341                                | /* empty */
  342 prs_and_loop: '(' '&' ':' ID ':' range ':' prs_expr ')'
  343 prs_or_loop: '(' '|' ':' ID ':' range ':' prs_expr ')'
  344 spec_body_optional: spec_body
  345                   | /* empty */
  346 spec_body: spec_body spec_item
  347          | spec_item
  348 spec_item: spec_directive
  349 spec_directive: ID expr_list_in_angles_optional grouped_reference_list_in_parens
  350 grouped_reference_list_in_parens: '(' grouped_reference_list ')'
  351 grouped_reference_list: grouped_reference_list ',' grouped_reference
  352                       | grouped_reference
  353 grouped_reference: '{' mandatory_member_index_expr_list '}'
  354                  | member_index_expr
  355 paren_expr: '(' expr ')'
  356 literal: INT
  357        | FLOAT
  358        | string
  359        | BOOL_TRUE
  360        | BOOL_FALSE
  361 string: string STRING
  362       | STRING
  363 id_expr: generic_id
  364 generic_id: relative_id
  365           | absolute_id
  366 absolute_id: SCOPE relative_id
  367 relative_id: qualified_id
  368            | ID
  369 qualified_id: qualified_id SCOPE ID
  370             | ID SCOPE ID
  371 mandatory_member_index_expr_list_in_parens: '(' mandatory_member_index_expr_list ')'
  372 mandatory_member_index_expr_list: mandatory_member_index_expr_list ',' member_index_expr
  373                                 | member_index_expr
  374 member_index_expr_list: member_index_expr_list ',' optional_member_index_expr
  375                       | optional_member_index_expr
  376 optional_member_index_expr: member_index_expr
  377                           | /* empty */
  378 member_index_expr: id_expr
  379                  | index_expr
  380                  | member_expr
  381 relative_member_index_expr: ID
  382                           | local_index_expr
  383                           | local_member_expr
  384 local_index_expr: local_member_expr sparse_range_list
  385                 | ID sparse_range_list
  389 index_expr: member_expr sparse_range_list
  390           | id_expr sparse_range_list
  394 simple_expr: member_index_expr
  395            | literal
  396 unary_expr: simple_expr
  397           | function_call_expr
  398           | paren_expr
  399           | loop_expr
  400           | '-' unary_expr
  401           | '!' unary_expr
  402           | '~' unary_expr
  403 function_call_expr: member_index_expr connection_actuals_list
  404 multiplicative_expr: unary_expr
  405                    | multiplicative_expr muldiv_op unary_expr
  406 muldiv_op: '*'
  407          | '/'
  408          | '%'
  409 additive_expr: multiplicative_expr
  410              | additive_expr '+' multiplicative_expr
  411              | additive_expr '-' multiplicative_expr
  412 shift_expr: additive_expr
  413           | shift_expr EXTRACT additive_expr
  414           | shift_expr INSERT additive_expr
  415 relational_equality_expr: shift_expr
  416                         | '(' relational_equality_expr '<' shift_expr ')'
  417                         | '(' relational_equality_expr '>' shift_expr ')'
  418                         | relational_equality_expr LE shift_expr
  419                         | relational_equality_expr GE shift_expr
  420                         | relational_equality_expr EQUAL shift_expr
  421                         | relational_equality_expr NOTEQUAL shift_expr
  422                         | '(' relational_equality_expr '=' shift_expr ')'
  423 relational_op: '<'
  424              | '>'
  425              | LE
  426              | GE
  427              | EQUAL
  428              | NOTEQUAL
  429 and_expr: relational_equality_expr
  430         | and_expr '&' relational_equality_expr
  431 exclusive_or_expr: and_expr
  432                  | exclusive_or_expr '^' and_expr
  433 inclusive_or_expr: exclusive_or_expr
  434                  | inclusive_or_expr '|' exclusive_or_expr
  435 logical_and_expr: inclusive_or_expr
  436                 | logical_and_expr LOGICAL_AND inclusive_or_expr
  437 logical_or_expr: logical_and_expr
  438                | logical_or_expr LOGICAL_OR logical_and_expr
  439 unary_assignment: member_index_expr PLUSPLUS
  440                 | member_index_expr MINUSMINUS
  441 loop_expr: '(' loop_assoc_op ':' ID ':' range ':' expr ')'
  442 loop_assoc_op: '+'
  443              | '*'
  444              | '&'
  445              | '|'
  446              | '^'
  447              | LOGICAL_AND
  448              | LOGICAL_OR
  449 expr: logical_or_expr
  450 strict_relaxed_template_arguments: complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles optional_template_arguments_in_angles
  451                                  | /* empty */
  452 optional_template_arguments_in_angles: complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles
  453                                      | /* empty */
  454 expr_list_in_angles_optional: expr_list_in_angles
  455                             | /* empty */
  456 expr_list_in_angles: '<' expr_list '>'
  457 complex_expr_optional_list_in_angles: '<' complex_expr_optional_list '>'
  458 complex_expr_optional_list: complex_expr_optional_list ',' optional_complex_expr
  459                           | optional_complex_expr
  460 optional_complex_expr: array_concatenation
  461                      | /* empty */
  462 member_index_expr_list_in_parens_optional: member_index_expr_list_in_parens
  463                                          | /* empty */
  464 member_index_expr_list_in_parens: '(' member_index_expr_list ')'
  465 expr_list_in_parens: '(' expr_list ')'
  466 expr_list: expr_list ',' expr
  467          | expr
  468 range: expr RANGE expr
  469      | expr
  470 optional_dense_range_list: dense_range_list
  471                          | /* empty */
  472 dense_range_list: dense_range_list bracketed_dense_range
  473                 | bracketed_dense_range
  474 sparse_range_list: sparse_range_list bracketed_sparse_range
  475                  | bracketed_sparse_range
  476 bracketed_dense_range: '[' expr ']'
  477 bracketed_sparse_range: '[' range ']'
  478 complex_aggregate_reference: array_concatenation
  479 array_concatenation: array_concatenation '#' complex_expr_term
  480                    | complex_expr_term
  481 complex_expr_term: array_construction
  482                  | expr
  483 array_construction: '{' mandatory_complex_aggregate_reference_list '}'
  484 optional_complex_aggregate_reference: complex_aggregate_reference
  485                                     | /* empty */
  486 mandatory_complex_aggregate_reference_list: mandatory_complex_aggregate_reference_list ',' complex_aggregate_reference
  487                                           | complex_aggregate_reference
  488 complex_aggregate_reference_list: complex_aggregate_reference_list ',' optional_complex_aggregate_reference
  489                                 | optional_complex_aggregate_reference